International Trade Law in Germany
Expert-defined terms from the Professional Certificate in German HGB for International Business course at Stanmore School of Business. Free to read, free to share, paired with a globally recognised certification pathway.
AEO status refers to the Authorized Economic Operator status, which is a… #
Related terms include customs compliance, supply chain security, and trade facilitation. In the context of German HGB for International Business, AEO status is important for companies that engage in export and import activities, as it can simplify customs procedures and reduce the risk of delays and penalties.
Ad valorem duties are a type of customs duty that is calculated as… #
Related terms include specific duties, compound duties, and tariff rates. In Germany, ad valorem duties are imposed on certain types of imports, such as agricultural products and industrial goods. Companies that engage in international trade must understand how to calculate ad valorem duties and comply with relevant regulations.
Agency agreements are contracts between a principal and an agent that out… #
Related terms include commission agreements, distribution agreements, and sales representative agreements. In the context of German HGB for International Business, agency agreements are important for companies that engage in export and import activities, as they can help to establish a presence in foreign markets and manage risks associated with international trade.
Anti #
dumping duties are a type of trade remedy that is imposed on imported goods that are sold at a price that is lower than the normal value of the goods in the exporting country. Related terms include countervailing duties, safeguard measures, and trade defense instruments. In Germany, anti-dumping duties are imposed on certain types of imports, such as steel products and chemicals. Companies that engage in international trade must understand how to comply with anti-dumping regulations and avoid penalties associated with non-compliance.
Arbitration proceedings are a type of dispute resolution mechanism… #
Related terms include mediation, conciliation, and litigation. In the context of German HGB for International Business, arbitration proceedings are important for companies that engage in international trade, as they can provide a efficient and cost-effective way to resolve disputes that may arise in the course of international trade.
Bill of lading is a document that serves as a receipt for the ship… #
Related terms include waybill, cargo receipt, and shipping document. In Germany, the bill of lading is an important document in international trade, as it provides proof of the shipment of goods and can be used to establish the terms and conditions of the contract of carriage.
Bonded warehouse is a type of storage facility that is used to sto… #
Related terms include free zone, customs warehouse, and tax warehouse. In Germany, bonded warehouses are used to store imports that are subject to customs duties or other taxes, and companies that engage in international trade must understand how to use these facilities to comply with relevant regulations.
Brexit refers to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European U… #
Related terms include EU law, UK law, and international trade agreements. In the context of German HGB for International Business, Brexit is important for companies that engage in trade with the UK, as it may affect the terms and conditions of trade between the EU and the UK.
Bribery laws are regulations that prohibit the payment of bribes t… #
Related terms include corruption, anti-bribery laws, and compliance programs. In Germany, bribery laws are strict, and companies that engage in international trade must comply with these laws to avoid penalties and reputational damage.
Business ethics refers to the moral principles and values that gui… #
Related terms include corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and compliance programs. In the context of German HGB for International Business, business ethics are important for companies that engage in international trade, as they can help to build trust and reputation with customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders.
Cargo insurance is a type of insurance that covers the loss … #
Related terms include marine insurance, air cargo insurance, and land cargo insurance. In Germany, cargo insurance is important for companies that engage in international trade, as it can help to mitigate the risks associated with the transportation of goods.
Certificate of origin is a document that certifies the country of… #
Related terms include certificate of origin form, rules of origin, and preferential tariffs. In Germany, the certificate of origin is an important document in international trade, as it can be used to determine the applicable tariff rates and other trade regulations.
CIF price refers to the cost, insurance, and freight price of a particula… #
Related terms include FOB price, CFR price, and delivered duty paid price. In Germany, the CIF price is commonly used in international trade, as it includes the cost of transportation and insurance to the port of destination.
Civil code refers to the body of law that governs the relations… #
Related terms include commercial code, company law, and contract law. In Germany, the civil code is an important part of the legal framework for international trade, as it provides the rules and regulations for contracts, torts, and other civil obligations.
Commercial agent is an individual or company that is authorized to act on… #
Related terms include sales agent, purchasing agent, and commission agent. In Germany, commercial agents play an important role in international trade, as they can help to establish a presence in foreign markets and manage risks associated with international trade.
Compliance program refers to a set of policies and procedures</… #
Related terms include risk management, internal controls, and auditing. In Germany, compliance programs are important for companies that engage in international trade, as they can help to mitigate the risks associated with non-compliance and protect the company's reputation.
Contract law refers to the body of law that governs the relatio… #
Related terms include sales law, purchase law, and contract negotiation. In Germany, contract law is an important part of the legal framework for international trade, as it provides the rules and regulations for contracts, including the formation, performance, and termination of contracts.
Copyright law refers to the body of law that protects the intel… #
Related terms include patent law, trademark law, and intellectual property law. In Germany, copyright law is important for companies that engage in international trade, as it can help to protect the company's intellectual property rights and prevent infringement by other companies.
Countertrade agreements are contracts between two or more parties that in… #
Related terms include barter agreements, buy-back agreements, and offset agreements. In Germany, countertrade agreements are used in international trade, as they can help to reduce the risks associated with foreign exchange and payment terms.
Court judgments are decisions made by a court of law in a particul… #
Related terms include arbitration awards, mediation agreements, and settlement agreements. In Germany, court judgments are important in international trade, as they can determine the rights and obligations of parties to a contract or other dispute.
Credit insurance is a type of insurance that covers the loss</i… #
Related terms include export credit insurance, trade credit insurance, and political risk insurance. In Germany, credit insurance is important for companies that engage in international trade, as it can help to mitigate the risks associated with non-payment and insolvency.
Customs broker is an individual or company that is authorized to act on b… #
Related terms include customs agent, freight forwarder, and logistics provider. In Germany, customs brokers play an important role in international trade, as they can help to facilitate the clearance of goods through customs and ensure compliance with relevant regulations.
Customs duties are taxes that are imposed on the importation</i… #
Related terms include tariffs, excise taxes, and value-added taxes. In Germany, customs duties are an important part of the taxation system for international trade, as they can affect the price of goods and the profitability of trade transactions.
Customs procedure refers to the process by which goods are cleared… #
Related terms include customs declaration, customs clearance, and customs compliance. In Germany, customs procedures are important for companies that engage in international trade, as they must comply with relevant regulations and procedures to avoid penalties and delays.
Delivery terms refer to the conditions under which goods are deliv… #
Related terms include Incoterms, delivery dates, and delivery places. In Germany, delivery terms are important in international trade, as they can affect the price of goods, the risks associated with transportation, and the obligations of the parties to the contract.
Dispute resolution refers to the process by which disputes between… #
Related terms include alternative dispute resolution, dispute settlement, and conflict resolution. In Germany, dispute resolution is important in international trade, as it can help to resolve disputes in a fair and efficient manner and avoid costly and
Distribution agreement is a contract between a manufacturer or … #
Related terms include agency agreement, sales agreement, and marketing agreement. In Germany, distribution agreements are important for companies that engage in international trade, as they can help to establish a presence in foreign markets and manage risks associated with international trade.
Duty drawback is a type of refund of customs duties that is paid t… #
Related terms include duty refund, customs refund, and export incentive. In Germany, duty drawback is an important incentive for companies that engage in international trade, as it can help to reduce the costs associated with exporting goods.
Economic sanctions are measures that are imposed by a country or g… #
Related terms include trade sanctions, economic embargoes, and trade restrictions. In Germany, economic sanctions are important in international trade, as they can affect the ability of companies to engage in trade with certain countries or entities.
Embargo laws are regulations that prohibit the importation or e… #
Related terms include trade embargoes, economic sanctions, and customs restrictions. In Germany, embargo laws are important for companies that engage in international trade, as they must comply with relevant regulations and procedures to avoid penalties and delays.
Export control refers to the regulations and procedures tha… #
Related terms include export licensing, export restrictions, and customs compliance. In Germany, export control is an important part of the regulatory framework for international trade, as it can help to prevent the unauthorized export of sensitive or restricted goods.
Export credit insurance is a type of insurance that covers the … #
Related terms include trade credit insurance, political risk insurance, and export finance. In Germany, export credit insurance is important for companies that engage in international trade, as it can help to mitigate the risks associated with non-payment and insolvency.
FOB price refers to the free on board price of a particular product</i… #
Related terms include CIF price, CFR price, and delivered duty paid price. In Germany, the FOB price is commonly used in international trade, as it provides a clear and transparent way to calculate the price of goods.
Force majeure is a doctrine that excuses a party from performing i… #
Related terms include unforeseen circumstances, unexpected events, and contract termination. In Germany, force majeure is an important concept in international trade, as it can affect the obligations of parties to a contract and the allocation of risks.
Foreign exchange refers to the exchange of one currency for anothe… #
Related terms include foreign exchange rates, currency conversion, and exchange controls. In Germany, foreign exchange is an important aspect of international trade, as it can affect the price of goods and the profitability of trade transactions.
Franchise agreement is a contract between a franchisor and a fr… #
Related terms include licensing agreement, distribution agreement, and marketing agreement. In Germany, franchise agreements are important for companies that engage in international trade, as they can help to establish a presence in foreign markets and manage risks associated with international trade.
Free trade agreement is a treaty between two or more countries that reduc… #
Related terms include customs union, common market, and economic union. In Germany, free trade agreements are important for companies that engage in international trade, as they can increase market access and reduce the costs associated with trade.
GATT agreement refers to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, whic… #
Related terms include WTO agreement, trade liberalization, and trade facilitation. In Germany, the GATT agreement is an important part of the regulatory framework for international trade, as it provides a framework for trade negotiations and dispute settlement.
GmbH company refers to a type of company that is commonly used in… #
Related terms include AG company, KG company, and OHG company. In Germany, GmbH companies are important for international trade, as they provide a flexible and secure way to establish a business presence in the country.
Harmonized system refers to the Harmonized System of codes and classifica… #
Related terms include customs classification, tariff codes, and commodity codes. In Germany, the harmonized system is an important part of the customs system, as it provides a standardized way to classify goods and determine applicable tariffs and other trade regulations.
Incoterms rules refer to the International Commercial Terms rules, which… #
Related terms include delivery terms, payment terms, and contract terms. In Germany, Incoterms rules are widely used in international trade, as they provide a clear and transparent way to allocate risks and responsibilities between parties.
Insolvency law refers to the body of law that governs the insol… #
Related terms include bankruptcy law, debt restructuring, and creditor rights. In Germany, insolvency law is an important part of the legal framework for international trade, as it can affect the rights and obligations of parties to a contract or other dispute.
Intellectual property refers to the rights that are granted to cre… #
Related terms include patent law, trademark law, and copyright law. In Germany, intellectual property is an important aspect of international trade, as it can affect the ability of companies to protect their innovations and compete in the market.
International chamber of commerce is an organization that promotes and fa… #
Related terms include trade association, business organization, and industry group. In Germany, the international chamber of commerce is an important organization for companies that engage in international trade, as it provides a platform for networking, information-sharing, and advocacy.
Letter of credit is a document that is issued by a bank to guarant… #
Related terms include letter of guarantee, standby letter of credit, and confirmed letter of credit. In Germany, letters of credit are widely used in international trade, as they provide a secure way to facilitate payment and mitigate the risks associated with non-payment.
Logistics provider is a company that provides logistics services,… #
Related terms include freight forwarder, customs broker, and supply chain manager. In Germany, logistics providers play an important role in international trade, as they can help to facilitate the movement of goods and manage the risks associated with transportation and delivery.
Marine insurance is a type of insurance that covers the loss</i… #
Related terms include cargo insurance, freight insurance, and hull insurance. In Germany, marine insurance is an important aspect of international trade, as it can help to mitigate the risks associated with the transportation of goods by sea.
Market research refers to the process of gathering and analyzing <… #
Related terms include market analysis, competitor analysis, and customer research. In Germany, market research is an important aspect of international trade, as it can help companies to understand the needs and preferences of customers and competitors in the market.
NAFTA agreement refers to the North American Free Trade Agreement, which… #
Related terms include free trade agreement, trade liberalization, and trade facilitation. In Germany, the NAFTA agreement is an important part of the regulatory framework for international trade, as it provides a framework for trade negotiations and dispute settlement.
Negotiation skills refer to the ability to negotiate effectively w… #
Related terms include communication skills, conflict resolution, and dispute settlement. In Germany, negotiation skills are an important aspect of international trade, as they can help companies to establish and maintain relationships with customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders.
Payment terms refer to the conditions under which payment is made… #
Related terms include payment methods, payment schedules, and payment guarantees. In Germany, payment terms are an important aspect of international trade, as they can affect the cash flow and finances of companies.
Product liability refers to the responsibility of a manufacturer o… #
Related terms include product safety, product quality, and consumer protection. In Germany, product liability is an important aspect of international trade, as it can affect the reputation and finances of companies.
Quality control refers to the process of ensuring that goods or se… #
Related terms include quality assurance, quality management, and quality certification. In Germany, quality control is an important aspect of international trade, as it can help to ensure that goods or services meet the needs and expectations of customers.
Quota system refers to a system of quantitative restrictions on th… #
Related terms include tariff-rate quota, quota allocation, and quota management. In Germany, the quota system is an important part of the regulatory framework for international trade, as it can affect the availability and price of goods in the market.
Receivable financing refers to the process of using accounts recei… #
Related terms include factoring, invoice financing, and supply chain financing. In Germany, receivable financing is an important aspect of international trade, as it can help companies to manage their cash flow and finance their operations.
Risk management refers to the process of identifying, assessing, a… #
Related terms include risk assessment, risk analysis, and risk mitigation. In Germany, risk management is an important aspect of international trade, as it can help companies to minimize losses and maximize gains.
Sales contract is a contract between a buyer and a seller t… #
Related terms include purchase contract, supply contract, and distribution contract. In Germany, sales contracts are an important part of the legal framework for international trade, as they provide a framework for the sale of goods and services.
Supply chain refers to the network of companies and organizations… #
Related terms include logistics, transportation, and inventory management. In Germany, the supply chain is an important aspect of international trade, as it can affect the efficiency and effectiveness of trade transactions.
Tariff rate refers to the rate of duty that is applied to the i… #
Related terms include customs duty, excise tax, and value-added tax. In Germany, tariff rates are an important part of the taxation system for international trade, as they can affect the price of goods and the profitability of trade transactions.
Tax treaty refers to a treaty between two or more countries that aims to… #
Related terms include tax agreement, tax convention, and double taxation agreement. In Germany, tax treaties are an important part of the regulatory framework for international trade, as they can help to reduce the tax burden on companies and increase the attractiveness of the country as a location for investment.
Trade agreement refers to a treaty or contract between two or more countr… #
Related terms include free trade agreement, customs union, and economic union. In Germany, trade agreements are an important part of the regulatory framework for international trade, as they can help to increase market access and reduce the costs associated with trade.
Trade barrier refers to a restriction or obstacle that can… #
Related terms include tariff, quota, and non-tariff barrier. In Germany, trade barriers are an important aspect of international trade, as they can affect the ability of companies to engage in trade and the competitiveness of the country in the global market.
Trade facilitation refers to the simplification and harmonizati… #
Related terms include trade liberalization, trade promotion, and trade development. In Germany, trade facilitation is an important aspect of international trade, as it can help to reduce the costs and increase the efficiency of trade transactions.
Trade finance refers to the provision of financial services and pr… #
Related terms include export finance, import finance, and trade credit. In Germany, trade finance is an important aspect of international trade, as it can help companies to manage their cash flow and finance their operations.
Trade mark refers to a symbol or design that is used to ide… #
Related terms include trademark, brand name, and intellectual property. In Germany, trade marks are an important aspect of international trade, as they can help to protect the intellectual property rights of companies and differentiate their products or services from those of competitors.
Trade secret refers to a confidential piece of information that is… #
Related terms include confidential information, proprietary information, and intellectual property. In Germany, trade secrets are an important aspect of international trade, as they can help to protect the competitive advantage of companies and prevent the unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential information.
UNCITRAL model law refers to the United Nations Commission on Internation… #
Related terms include international trade law, commercial law, and contract law. In Germany, the UNCITRAL model law is an important part of the regulatory framework for international trade, as it provides a framework for trade negotiations and dispute settlement.
UNESCO convention refers to the United Nations Educational, Scientific an… #
Related terms include cultural heritage, natural heritage, and international cooperation. In Germany, the UNESCO convention is an important part of the regulatory framework for international trade, as it can help to protect the cultural and natural heritage of countries and promote international cooperation.
Value #
added tax refers to a type of tax that is levied on the value added to goods or services at each stage of production and distribution. Related terms include sales tax, consumption tax, and indirect tax. In Germany, value-added tax is an important part of the taxation system for international trade, as it can affect the price of goods and the profitability of trade transactions.
Warranty claim refers to a claim made by a buyer against a… #
Related terms include warranty, guarantee, and liability. In Germany, warranty claims are an important aspect of international trade, as they can affect the reputation and finances of companies.
WTO agreement refers to the World Trade Organization agreement, which is… #
Related terms include GATT agreement, trade liberalization, and trade facilitation. In Germany, the WTO agreement is an important part of the regulatory framework for international trade, as it provides a framework for trade negotiations and dispute settlement.
X-ray inspection refers to the use of X-ray technology to inspect goods o… #
Related terms include customs inspection, security screening, and cargo inspection. In Germany, X-ray inspection is an important aspect of international trade, as it can help to detect and prevent the smuggling of prohibited or restricted goods.
Yellow page refers to a type of directory or listing of com… #
Related terms include trade directory, business directory, and industry listing. In Germany, yellow pages are an important resource for companies that engage in international trade, as they can help to identify potential customers, suppliers, or partners.
Zoll code refers to the German customs code, which is a set of regulat… #
Related terms include customs law, trade law, and international trade regulations. In Germany, the Zoll code is an important part of the regulatory framework for international trade, as it provides a framework for customs procedures and compliance.