International Supply Chain Management
Expert-defined terms from the Postgraduate Certificate in Customs and Border Management (Qatar) course at Stanmore School of Business. Free to read, free to share, paired with a professional course.
AEO stands for Authorized Economic Operator, a certification that recogni… #
Related terms include AEO certification, customs compliance, and supply chain security. AEO certification is a voluntary program that allows businesses to demonstrate their commitment to customs compliance and supply chain security, and to receive benefits such as reduced customs inspections and faster clearance times.
Air Freight is the transportation of goods by air, often used for high #
value or time-sensitive shipments. Related terms include air cargo, air transport, and freight forwarding. Air freight is a fast and reliable way to transport goods over long distances, but it can be expensive compared to other modes of transportation.
Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) is a surcharge added to freight costs to account… #
Related terms include fuel surcharge, bunker fuel, and freight rates. BAF is a variable surcharge that is adjusted regularly to reflect changes in fuel prices, and it is typically applied to ocean freight shipments.
Cargo Insurance is insurance that covers goods against loss or damage during tra… #
Related terms include freight insurance, cargo liability, and risk management. Cargo insurance is a critical component of international supply chain management, as it helps to mitigate the risks associated with transporting goods over long distances.
Certificate of Origin (COO) is a document that certifies the country of origin o… #
Related terms include COO, certificate of origin, and country of origin. A COO is a required document for many international shipments, and it must be accurate and complete to avoid customs delays or penalties.
Cloud Computing is the use of remote computer servers to store, manage, and proc… #
Related terms include cloud-based solutions, supply chain visibility, and data analytics. Cloud computing is a flexible and scalable way to manage supply chain data, and it can help businesses to improve their responsiveness to changing market conditions.
Containerization is the use of containers to transport goods, often used in ocea… #
Related terms include container shipping, intermodal transportation, and freight forwarding. Containerization is a standardized way of transporting goods, and it has revolutionized the way that goods are moved around the world.
Customs Brokerage is the process of clearing customs and obtaining the necessary… #
Related terms include customs clearance, customs compliance, and trade compliance. Customs brokerage is a complex process that requires expertise in customs regulations and procedures, and it is often outsourced to specialized customs brokers.
Customs Compliance is the process of ensuring that international shipments compl… #
Related terms include customs clearance, trade compliance, and supply chain compliance. Customs compliance is a critical component of international supply chain management, as it helps to avoid customs delays, penalties, and fines.
Demurrage is a charge levied on shippers for delaying the pickup of cargo or the… #
Related terms include demurrage fees, detention fees, and freight rates. Demurrage is a fee that is charged by carriers and terminals to encourage shippers to pick up their cargo and return empty containers promptly.
Distribution Center (DC) is a warehouse or facility that is used to store and di… #
Related terms include DC, warehouse management, and supply chain management. A distribution center is a key component of a company's supply chain, and it must be strategically located and managed to ensure efficient and effective distribution of goods.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the electronic exchange of business documen… #
Related terms include EDI, electronic commerce, and supply chain visibility. EDI is a standardized way of exchanging business documents, and it can help to improve the efficiency and accuracy of supply chain operations.
Export Management Company (EMC) is a company that specializes in managing the ex… #
Related terms include EMC, export management, and international trade. An export management company is a specialized company that has expertise in international trade and export regulations, and it can help businesses to navigate the complexities of exporting goods.
Freight Audit is the process of reviewing and verifying freight invoices and cha… #
Related terms include freight audit, freight payment, and supply chain visibility. Freight audit is a critical component of supply chain management, as it helps to identify and correct errors and discrepancies in freight invoices and charges.
Freight Forwarder is a company that specializes in arranging the transportation… #
Related terms include freight forwarder, logistics provider, and supply chain management. A freight forwarder is a key player in international supply chain management, and it must have expertise in transportation management, customs clearance, and logistics.
Global Trade Management (GTM) is the process of managing the flow of goods, serv… #
Related terms include GTM, international trade, and supply chain management. Global trade management is a complex process that requires expertise in customs regulations, trade compliance, and logistics.
Harmonized System (HS) is an international system of codes and classifications u… #
Related terms include HS, harmonized tariff schedule, and customs classification. The Harmonized System is a standardized system that is used by most countries around the world, and it helps to simplify and harmonize customs procedures.
Incoterms is a set of international trade terms that define the responsibilities… #
Related terms include Incoterms, international trade, and supply chain management. Incoterms is a widely used set of terms that helps to clarify the responsibilities of buyers and sellers in international trade, and it can help to avoid disputes and misunderstandings.
Intermodal Transportation is the use of multiple modes of transportation, such a… #
Related terms include intermodal transportation, multimodal transportation, and supply chain management. Intermodal transportation is a flexible and efficient way to move goods, and it can help to reduce transportation costs and improve delivery times.
Inventory Management is the process of managing and controlling the inventory of… #
Related terms include inventory management, supply chain management, and logistics. Inventory management is a critical component of supply chain management, as it helps to ensure that goods and materials are available when they are needed, and that inventory levels are optimized.
ISO 9001 is a set of international standards for quality management, often used… #
Related terms include ISO 9001, quality management, and supply chain management. ISO 9001 is a widely recognized set of standards that helps to ensure quality and compliance in supply chain operations, and it can help to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Just #
in-Time (JIT) is a production and inventory management system that aims to produce and deliver goods just in time to meet customer demand. Related terms include JIT, just-in-time production, and supply chain management. Just-in-time is a flexible and responsive way to manage production and inventory, and it can help to reduce inventory levels and improve delivery times.
Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a metric or measurement used to evaluate the… #
Related terms include KPI, performance metrics, and supply chain management. KPIs are critical components of supply chain management, as they help to measure and evaluate the performance of a company or supply chain, and to identify areas for improvement.
Less #
than-Container-Load (LCL) is a type of ocean freight shipment that involves shipping goods in a container that is not fully loaded. Related terms include LCL, less-than-truckload, and freight forwarding. LCL is a flexible and cost-effective way to ship goods, and it can help to reduce transportation costs and improve delivery times.
Letter of Credit (L/C) is a financial instrument that guarantees payment to a se… #
Related terms include L/C, letter of credit, and trade finance. A letter of credit is a secure way to finance international trade, and it can help to reduce the risk of non-payment or default.
Logistics Provider is a company that specializes in managing the flow of goods,… #
Related terms include logistics provider, third-party logistics, and supply chain management. A logistics provider is a key player in international supply chain management, and it must have expertise in transportation management, warehousing, and distribution.
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a system used to manage and plan the pro… #
Related terms include MRP, material requirements planning, and supply chain management. MRP is a complex system that helps to plan and manage the production of goods and materials, and it can help to reduce inventory levels and improve delivery times.
Ocean Freight is the transportation of goods by sea, often used for internationa… #
Related terms include ocean freight, sea freight, and container shipping. Ocean freight is a cost-effective way to transport goods over long distances, and it can help to reduce transportation costs and improve delivery times.
Payment Term is the terms and conditions under which payment is made for goods o… #
Related terms include payment term, payment conditions, and trade finance. Payment terms are critical components of international trade, as they help to define the terms and conditions of payment, and to reduce the risk of non-payment or default.
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is a theory that states that exchange rates betwee… #
Related terms include PPP, purchasing power parity, and international trade. PPP is a theoretical concept that helps to understand the relationship between exchange rates and purchasing power, and it can help to inform decisions about international trade and investment.
Quality Control is the process of ensuring that goods and materials meet certain… #
Related terms include quality control, quality assurance, and supply chain management. Quality control is a critical component of supply chain management, as it helps to ensure that goods and materials meet certain standards of quality and compliance, and to reduce the risk of defects or non-compliance.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology used to track and identify… #
Related terms include RFID, radio frequency identification, and supply chain visibility. RFID is a powerful tool that can help to improve supply chain visibility and efficiency, and to reduce inventory levels and improve delivery times.
Returns Management is the process of managing the return of goods and materials,… #
Related terms include returns management, reverse logistics, and supply chain management. Returns management is a complex process that requires expertise in logistics and supply chain management, and it can help to reduce the costs and risks associated with returns and reverse logistics.
Risk Management is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks i… #
Related terms include risk management, supply chain risk, and logistics management. Risk management is a critical component of international supply chain management, as it helps to identify and mitigate risks, and to reduce the likelihood and impact of disruptions and failures.
Scheduling is the process of planning and coordinating the production and delive… #
Related terms include scheduling, production planning, and supply chain management. Scheduling is a complex process that requires expertise in production planning and supply chain management, and it can help to reduce inventory levels and improve delivery times.
Shipper is a company or individual that ships goods or materials, often using a… #
Related terms include shipper, consignor, and logistics management. A shipper is a key player in international supply chain management, and it must have expertise in transportation management, customs clearance, and logistics.
Supply Chain Finance is the use of financial instruments and services to optimiz… #
Related terms include supply chain finance, trade finance, and logistics management. Supply chain finance is a critical component of international supply chain management, as it helps to optimize the flow of goods, services, and information, and to reduce the costs and risks associated with international trade.
Supply Chain Management is the process of managing the flow of goods, services,… #
Related terms include supply chain management, logistics management, and international trade. Supply chain management is a complex process that requires expertise in logistics, transportation, and international trade, and it can help to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and increase customer satisfaction.
Supply Chain Visibility is the ability to track and monitor the flow of goods, s… #
Related terms include supply chain visibility, track and trace, and logistics management. Supply chain visibility is a critical component of international supply chain management, as it helps to track and monitor the flow of goods, services, and information, and to identify areas for improvement.
Tariff is a tax or duty imposed on imported goods or services, often used to pro… #
Related terms include tariff, customs duty, and international trade. Tariffs are complex and controversial instruments of trade policy, and they can have significant impacts on international trade and supply chain management.
Third #
Party Logistics (3PL) is the use of an external company to manage and coordinate logistics and supply chain operations. Related terms include 3PL, third-party logistics, and logistics management. Third-party logistics is a flexible and cost-effective way to manage logistics and supply chain operations, and it can help to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and increase customer satisfaction.
Tracking and Tracing is the process of monitoring and tracking the movement of g… #
Related terms include tracking and tracing, supply chain visibility, and logistics management. Tracking and tracing is a critical component of international supply chain management, as it helps to monitor and track the movement of goods and materials, and to identify areas for improvement.
Transportation Management is the process of planning, coordinating, and executin… #
Related terms include transportation management, logistics management, and supply chain management. Transportation management is a complex process that requires expertise in logistics, transportation, and international trade, and it can help to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and increase customer satisfaction.
Value #
Added Tax (VAT) is a type of consumption tax that is levied on the value added to goods and services at each stage of production and distribution. Related terms include VAT, value-added tax, and international trade. VAT is a complex and controversial instrument of tax policy, and it can have significant impacts on international trade and supply chain management.
Warehouse Management is the process of managing and controlling the storage and… #
Related terms include warehouse management, inventory management, and supply chain management. Warehouse management is a critical component of international supply chain management, as it helps to manage and control the storage and distribution of goods and materials, and to reduce inventory levels and improve delivery times.
World Customs Organization (WCO) is an international organization that develops… #
Related terms include WCO, world customs organization, and international trade. The WCO is a key player in international trade and supply chain management, and it helps to promote the harmonization of customs procedures and regulations, and to reduce the costs and risks associated with international trade.