Professional Practice and Ethics in Lighting Design
Expert-defined terms from the Professional Certificate in Immersive Theatre Lighting Design course at Stanmore School of Business. Free to read, free to share, paired with a professional course.
Accent Lighting #
Focused light used to highlight specific elements or features in a scene, such as a prop or an actor's face. Accent lighting creates visual interest and adds depth to the stage.
Color Rendering Index (CRI) #
A measure of a light source's ability to reveal the true colors of objects, compared to a reference light source. A CRI of 100 indicates the most natural color rendering.
Color Temperature #
A measure of the relative "warmth" or "coolness" of a light source, expressed in degrees Kelvin (K). Lower values (e.g., 2700K) indicate warmer, more yellowish light, while higher values (e.g., 6500K) indicate cooler, bluer light.
Cove Lighting #
A type of lighting that washes a wall or ceiling with light, creating a soft, diffused glow.
Cutoff Angle #
The angle at which light is no longer visible to an audience member. A sharp cutoff angle helps to minimize glare and maintain visual comfort.
Dark Space #
The unlit area surrounding the stage that helps to define the performance space and focus the audience's attention.
Dimmer #
A device used to control the intensity of a light source. Dimming can create mood, highlight specific moments, and save energy.
Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight (ERS) #
A versatile lighting instrument with a long, narrow beam that can be shaped and focused using a series of lenses and a metal "hard-edge" shutter system.
Fresnel Spotlight #
A lighting instrument with a soft-edged beam, achieved through the use of a Fresnel lens that reduces the intensity of the light at the edges.
Gobo #
A metal or glass template placed in front of a light source to create a pattern or shape, such as a tree, a window, or a star field.
High #
Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamp: A type of lamp that produces light by passing an electric arc through a mixture of gases, typically metal halide or high-pressure sodium. HID lamps are known for their high output, long life, and efficiency.
Intelligent Lighting #
Lighting fixtures that can be controlled and moved automatically, often using computer software. Intelligent lighting can create dynamic, visually interesting effects and is commonly used in theatrical and entertainment applications.
Key Light #
The primary light source used to illuminate a subject, such as an actor's face. Key lights establish the overall lighting level and can create a sense of depth and dimension.
Leko #
Short for "Ellipsoidal," a Leko is a type of lighting fixture that uses an ellipsoidal reflector and a lens system to create a sharply defined, adjustable beam of light.
Light Emitting Diode (LED) #
A solid-state lighting technology that produces light by passing an electric current through a semiconductor material. LEDs are known for their long life, low energy consumption, and high color rendering.
Light Plot #
A technical drawing that shows the placement, orientation, and type of lighting fixtures used in a production. Light plots are used to communicate the lighting design to the production team and to ensure consistent placement during setup.
Lighting Designer #
A professional responsible for creating and implementing the lighting plan for a theatrical production or event. Lighting designers collaborate with the director, set designer, and other creative team members to establish the visual style and mood of the production.
Low Voltage Lighting #
A lighting system that operates at a lower voltage than standard household current (120 or 240 volts). Low voltage lighting is typically safer, more energy-efficient, and easier to install than traditional lighting systems.
Parabolic Aluminized Reflector (PAR) Lamp #
A type of lamp that uses a parabolic reflector to produce a focused beam of light, often with a hard edge. PAR lamps are commonly used in stage lighting and can be found in a variety of sizes and beam angles.
Pipe and Drape #
A portable system used to create temporary walls or backdrops, often used in theatrical or event settings. Pipe and drape systems consist of a series of vertical pipes, connected by horizontal crossbars, with fabric or other materials draped over the frame.
Practical #
A light source or other prop that is visible and functional on stage, such as a table lamp or a streetlight. Practicals can be used to enhance the realism and atmosphere of a scene.
Rigging #
The process of suspending and securing lighting fixtures, scenery, or other equipment above the stage. Rigging systems typically involve a combination of cables, chains, and specialized hardware.
Scan #
A type of intelligent lighting fixture that uses a mirror to rapidly move the light beam across a surface, creating a sweeping, dynamic effect.
Source Four #
A popular brand of ellipsoidal lighting fixture, manufactured by Electronic Theatre Controls (ETC). Source Four fixtures are known for their high output, efficiency, and versatility.
Spill Light #
Light that unintentionally falls outside the desired area, often causing unwanted glare or distraction. Minimizing spill light is an important aspect of professional lighting design.
Stage Wash #
A uniform, evenly distributed lighting pattern that covers the entire stage, used to establish the overall lighting level and mood.
Strobe Light #
A lighting fixture that produces a rapid series of flashes, often used to create a dramatic or disorienting effect.
Theatre #
in-the-Round: A type of stage layout in which the audience surrounds the performance area on all sides. Theatre-in-the-round presents unique challenges for lighting design, as fixtures must be placed strategically to avoid blocking sightlines and to provide even illumination.
Track Lighting #
A flexible lighting system that uses a continuous track with built-in electrical conductors, allowing fixtures to be positioned and moved as needed. Track lighting is often used in retail or gallery settings, but can also be adapted for theatrical applications.
Wash Light #
A lighting fixture that produces a soft, diffused glow, used to create a background or overall lighting effect. Wash lights are often used in conjunction with more focused lighting instruments to provide even illumination and establish the overall lighting mood.
In conclusion, this glossary covers various essential terms, concepts, and acron… #
Understanding these terms will help designers create visually engaging and effective lighting schemes while ensuring the safety and well-being of performers and audiences. By adhering to ethical guidelines and utilizing best practices, lighting designers can contribute significantly to the success of theatrical productions and events.